Evaluation of Three Lesson Plan Templates for ELT

Teaching English as a Second Language (ELT) is a demanding job that is currently experiencing too few teachers to fill the jobs out there.   As more and more foreign students enter United States Schools, experienced teachers will be needed to fill these slots.   Thus, training ELT teachers is of the utmost concern for education departments in colleges and universities throughout the country.   Clearly, tools, strategies and support must be made available to these new teachers so that they can focus their time on teaching the students.   A good lesson plan template will go a long way in easing the burden on the ELT teacher. This essay will focus on the three lesson plan templates submitted for instructing ELT classes.   These templates will be analyzed and evaluated for the following components:   1) identification of lesson and objectives 2) strategies and methods, 3) equipment and materials needed, 4) use of technology, 5) reinforcement and enrichment, 6) structural format, 7) overall efficiency of use. These criteria are important in the development of a viable lesson plan and will aid new ELT teachers in preparing thorough and appropriate lessons.   After that, the lesson plans will be assessed based on their strengths and weaknesses followed by some overall suggestions for improvement for both the individual lesson plan templates and for all three templates together. General Description Visually this lesson plan provides a large writing space with topic indicators down the left hand margin, except for the date and time in the upper right hand corner.   This lesson identifies the basic class/date/time information.   Then it provides a spot for aims and new lexis.   It then provides a spot for needed equipment, materials and preparation before class begins.   Then the plan gives a two columned table for the method of the lesson and the time it will take.   Finally, the plan gives a spot for the homework and comments on the lesson. Strengths The strengths of this lesson include its inclusion of the new words to learn, which is important to the ELT classroom and the initial mention of the aims, which we can assume are the objectives.   The timing out of each part of the lesson on the table is also important.   One of the most valuable parts of the plan is its reflection section at the bottom.   Comments on the lesson are vital to reworking it for the next presentation. Weaknesses This lesson plan is spaced oddly.   It does not provide enough room for the method section.  Ã‚   Organization seems a bit off as well.   The equipment and materials separate the method of the lesson from its aims and new words of study.   It is hard to tell from the methods section what exactly will be happening; this leaves a lot for the teacher to write in on a daily basis. Suggestions for Improvement I would move the Methods section up under the Aims and New Lexis subheadings.   This way, the entire lesson is presented as a unit rather than broken up by the materials and equipment needed.  Ã‚   I would also consider moving the Before the Class heading to the top, so that it can be completed the day before.   After that, the lesson is still linear.   Also consider this – if the lesson always contains a section for, say, oral repetition of new words followed by visual images of the words, these two subheadings could be typed in to save time in writing out the lesson plan. General Description This lesson plan template uses six horizontal boxes. The first contains basic information like class, room number, date, time and length of lesson.   The second box is dedicated to the aims of the ELT process and includes four categories of these aims:   functional, structural, phonological and skills aims.   Then, the third box lists materials; the fourth box lists aids; and the fifth box provides for an evaluation of the procedure. Strengths The physical layout is very attractive and appropriate for showing clear divisions in the plan.   The separation of the lesson aims into categories is important and reminds the teacher that each lesson needs to meet each of these four components in order to make sure the ELT student fully grasps the concept being taught.   Again, a spot to evaluate the lesson, or components of it, is vital for future planning, and ample space is given for the teacher to do so in this particular lesson plan template. Weaknesses This lesson plan seems to misappropriate the use of space.   It seems that the largest amount of space should go to describing the lesson aims and method, but this does not happen here.   In fact, there is not place listed to describe the actual process and procedure of the lesson plan itself.   There is nothing to indicate what will be happening specifically during the class.   I am not sure how the word aids differs from materials, so this might be unnecessarily repetitive and take up space from other necessary information. Suggestions for Improvement This lesson plan must add a section for specifying each activity and the anticipated time for it.   Without that, there is no way to evaluate how well the lesson went and what changes might be made to it.   The first box is way too large.   That can be condensed by half. General Description The third lesson plan template takes the form of five vertical columns. Above the columns are spots for the general data of class, overall aim, date and time.   Beneath the columns are spaces to list homework and an evaluation of the lesson.   The six columns are labeled as follows:   Activity, Materials and Aids, Time Needed, Skills to be Practised, and Problems Anticipated. Strengths The vertical columns suggest a very linear organization.   Each activity listed in the first column can be tracked across each column, leaving no question as to the distinct identity of each separate activity.   This is the only lesson plan to do this.   Also, the spot to anticipate problems is also very insightful, as lessons rarely go as expected.   Once again, the teacher has a place to evaluate his or her lessons. Weaknesses Again, I think the order of the presentation is a little inefficient.   A reordering of the columns is suggested below.   Also, only one spot is given for an overall aim.   However, most lessons have additional, more specific goals and objectives as well. Suggestions for Improvement I would order the columns in the following way:   Time Needed, Activity, Skills, Materials, and Problems.   This seems to flow natural and will keep the teacher from backtracking.   I would also add a spot for more lesson-specific objectives in addition to the larger, overall aim. Overall Evaluation All of the lesson plans present are an excellent start in preparing a template to use in the ELT classroom.   However, a few additions might improve all of the lesson plans.   As a matter of housekeeping, it is a good idea to have a spot for students who are absent.   That way, make up materials can be collected and distributed very easily without the need to cross check the lesson plan with the attendance book. Next, I would suggest that a spot be added to each lesson plan for reinforcement and for enrichment.   It is entirely possible that some students will need additional work on the basic goals and aims while others master them quickly.   Thus, the reinforcement activities can re-teach the lesson to those slower to grasp it while the enrichment activities can give more challenging work to those that picked up the material faster than others.     Everyone will stay busy while the teacher focuses on those that are struggling. Most educators suggest reserving a spot at the beginning of the plan for review of previous material and again at the end of the plan to review the day’s lesson and preview the next day.   It is easy to forget these things; they can be very easily written into the plan.   One blaring omission in all three of the lesson plans was the omission of the use of technology. While this might be listed under materials, I believe that technology use, especially in the ELT classroom, is an integral part in lesson planning. Audio lessons, video lessons, even lessons on PowerPoint or computer programs used by the students are all significant strategies for students learning a second language.   It is a flaw to omit this design in the lesson plan as many teacher evaluation and certification instruments specifically seek them. Finally, it is always best to have as much space available as one can to write in.   I would suggest that the teachers widen the margins on the documents to that more information can be written in the spaces.  Ã‚     While the lesson plan is best kept to one page, the more writing that the teacher can neatly put on that one page, the better.   It is better to have too much information on the page than not enough. Organization is the key to success for all teachers, and especially the teachers of ELT.   Once the children enter the classroom, there is now time to try to make sense of a confusing or poorly written plan.   Not every plan will work for every teacher, so it may take some time to hit upon the very best template. The best advice is to have a space to write in things you do every day, such as review, homework, preview, reflection etc.   That way you will not forget to include that segment in your lesson.   It is important to keep track of time so that the class time will never be wasted.   Finally, the more specific the plan is, the easier it is to teach. Each of these three plans is certainly on track and with a few minor modifications, they will be ready to use in the classroom.                                                

Descriptive Writing Essay

The much publicized meteor shower has finally arrived and is a much anticipated awaited aesthetic show. As I’m observing the dark night sky waiting for the gorgeous meteors to enter Earth’s atmosphere, I see the sensational stunning spectacular sparkling stars. While sitting on my porch in the small town of Malton, I hear a small owl chirping on my backyard tree and the soothing summer breeze gusting throughout the trees. I can hear the constant chatter of my neighbours as they eagerly wait for the show to begin. This being my first meteor shower observation, I feel really happy and believe that this is going to be an amazing show that I wouldn’t miss for the world. The meteor shower is starting and I’m full of enjoyment, gazing at the sky, I see meteors enter Earth’s atmosphere at a tremendous rate, the beautiful sky is lit up with different colours; orange, blue and a bit of purple. The bright strands of light are appealing to the human eye. While meteors are falling every 10-20 seconds, they hardly make a sound. My family comes onto the porch gawking at the meteors, both them and I are watching in enjoyment. My dad brings out his camera and takes numerous pictures of the beautiful sight. The meteor shower finishes, my family goes inside gossiping about the show and how they won’t see it again, I on the other half stay outside and glance at the Big and Little Dipper. The stars start to vanish and I go inside to reminisce with my family and neighbours the next day. In conclusion, this is a moment that will be cherished in my memories for a lengthy period of time and I will surely share these breathtaking sights with my children.

Why Gun Control Is Bad

Gun Control Argumentative Essay All guns have the potential to be dangerous and should be handled with care. Guns have been part of American life for as long as people can remember. For most people guns are perceived as very dangerous and harmful. However, that is not true; guns can be dangerous, but only if they are in the wrong hands. Owning a gun is right that every American should be able to take pride in having. Guns are used for self-defense, hunting, law enforcement and other uses. The right to own a gun is protected in the 2nd constitutional amendment.Therefore, banning guns from being owned or purchased is wrong and unconstitutional. Gun control in the United States should be abolished. It is true that almost 100,000 people are injured or killed by guns in the United States every year (Scalia). However, 3. 5 million people in the United States have conceal-to-carry and owners permits for their guns (Stearns). These injuries are mostly accidental and only about 17 percent of those are criminal (Scalia). Clearly, most of the guns owned in America are used for self defense and are not meant for harm. Over 100 million people in the United States own guns solely for self-defense (Stearns).Cliff Stearns said in Laws Permitting Concealed Guns Ensure Public Safety, â€Å"Found in a study by the U. S. Department of Justice, 64 percent of convicted felons said they had been scared off or â€Å"shot off† by a victim carrying a concealed gun† (Stearns). This clearly proves that allowing concealed weapons decreases crime and helps protect people. Therefore, the pros of concealed weapons outweigh it’s cons. One argument is that thousands of illegal firearms are sold and distributed throughout the United States every year; this is a reason why some suggest banning guns completely.On the contrary, over $100 million in United States government revenue is generated by legal gun and ammunition sales every year (Weir 156). Although there are many guns sold illegally, the almost all of gun and ammunition sales are legal (Weir 128). Also, if total gun control was allowed, it would prohibit Americans from hunting. Some Americans hunt solely to feed their families. As William Weir said in A Well Regulated Militia, â€Å"The sales of gun and ammunition help stimulate the economy† (Weir 203). Clearly the matter of illegal gun sales would only increase and create more problems if total gun control was allowed.Also, the United States government would lose an important source of revenue by banning guns. Finally, sieges of illegal gun and ammunition stashes by law enforcement are sold legally for a beneficial profit. The right to bear arms is protected by the 2nd Constitutional amendment. Having said this, all gun bans should be constitutional, however they are not. Somehow lawmakers find a way to work around the 2nd amendment and enforce gun bans. For example, the District of Columbia has a rather strict gun ban (Scalia).This is e specially ironic because it is the nation’s capital, where freedom should be at its highest. However, in D. C. it is illegal to possess a handgun in your home (Scalia). Antonin Scalia wrote this about D. C. ’s gun ban in The Right to Own a Gun Is Guaranteed by the Constitution, â€Å"The District’s total ban on handgun possession in the home amounts to a prohibition of an entire class of â€Å"arms† that Americans choose for lawful self-defense† (Scalia). This ban, like other gun bans, directly defies the 2nd amendment to the Constitution.There is also a trigger lock policy in D. C. which is also partially prohibiting guns (Scalia). This trigger lock policy is unconstitutional also. The policy prohibits the gun to be used for self defense. This ban and trigger lock policy, along with others, are unconstitutional and wrong. Gun control in the United States should be abolished. Some people in the United States believe that gun control is necessary. H owever, it is clear that gun control is wrong and unconstitutional. Gun control directly violates the 2nd constitutionally amendment and should not be allowed.Allowing concealed guns not only brings in revenue for the government, but, it also keeps the public safe. Over 100 million people in the United States own guns solely for the purpose of self-defense. Those people deserve to be able to have and keep that right as a citizen of the United States. It is the right of the American people to make the choice on whether to own a gun or not. The positive effects that guns have on people outweigh the negative effects. However it should be noted that, all guns have the potential to be dangerous and should be handled with care.

Copyright Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Copyright - Essay Example Moreover, Nike would need to show that there would be a likelihood of consumer confusion of the fair-use of the trademark. It would also be to Nike’s advantage if it formally sends a letter to that party informing the latter that there was an infringement of Nike’s trademark particularly taking into discussion the possible remedies that Nike can resort to if the latter does not cease and desist in its acts of infringement. If the other party refuses to stop and contest Nike’s action, such refusal may constitute proof of willful infringement (Irwin, Sutton & McCarthy 2008 p. 286; Hansen 2006 p. 111). In Polaroid Corp v Polarad Electronics Corp 287 F. 2d 492 (2nd Circ. 1961), the Court established the 8-factor Polaroid Test to determine whether the use of another of a trademark similar to that of a party will result in the likelihood of confusion. These factors are: the strength of the mark of the plaintiff; the degree of similarity between the two marks; identical products and distribution channels; effect of market expansion; proof of actual confusion; product quality; bad faith exhibited by the defendant; sophistication of prospective consumers.

Pros and Cons of using open source software to secure your network Essay

Pros and Cons of using open source software to secure your network - Essay Example This is so to guarantee unlimited access to derived works by original contributors. Examples of open source software in the contemporary world include the operating system Linux, Firefox, GIMP, Sugar CRM, Vtiger, Zurmo, and Suite CRM. People generally develop open source software to gain recognition and plaudits, enhance the product and to increase its longevity (Feller, 2005). With the huge number of organizations, governments and businesses using open source software such as the ones listed above, it has become evident that the free/ fair/ lower prices of the software is not the only advantage the use of these software bring. Along with reduced cost of spending and management of such software, there are a plethora of other benefits concerning the use of open source software. The first of these benefits is the superior security that is associated with open source software. An instance that proves this higher security status is a recent happening where coverity of numerous defects of the Android kernel was discovered. The only reason this discovery was possible is because the kernel code is open to the view of the general public. Basically therefore, the implications of open source software is that the more people who can see and test a set of codes, the higher the chances that flaws will be discovered and quickly corrected. This is what is termed the Linu x law which asserts that, given sufficient eye balls, all bugs are shallow. Open source software kinds are continuously evolving and upgrading the system. The markets appreciate product robustness and open source software facilitates a larger market of early adopters (compared to those of closed source software/ proprietary kind) who actively aid in debugging the software. In essence, therefore, open source software grows much faster in the early stages of development/ introduction into the market (Feller, 2005). Closed

Famous trials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Famous trials - Essay Example The investigations asserted collected evidence from Frank Leo partners, such as Jim Conley to nail him during the trial. The investigations were based on the evidence collected at the scene of the crime. The notes found at the scene were used as leads to finding the murderer. However, the notes were discarded as they were considered a cover up. Consequently, a sweeper, Jim Conley was used as a witness to recount the happenings at the material day when the victim was murdered. The witness recounted how Leo Frank requested that Conley   keeps the door locked for him to make out a sexual activity with Paghan. The witness disclosed to the court that he kept the doors locked so that no one could access the room. He and Leo had made an arrangement on how they would communicate. The prosecution used the witness to assert that the suspect, Mr. Leo admitted to Conley that he hit the victim and called for his help in dumping the body. The prosecution also took issue with the conduct of the suspect in regard to female workers. As Conley and several women witnesses stated, Leo was a pervert who lured girls into having sex with him. Upon completion of the hearings, the amount of evidence availed by the prosecution was sufficient to hand a death sentence by hanging. The trial jury held that the suspect, Frank Leo was indeed the murderer and would be executed by hanging. The defense was dissatisfied and sought to appeal in the supreme court of Georgia. The appeal was based on availability of new evidence. However, the court dismissed the case on a 4-2 vote. The then governor of the state of Georgia, John M. Slaton, believed in the innocence of Leo Frank and reduced the sentencing into a life sentence. The defense was categorical that the case was racially motivated and biased. Despite the widespread cases of child labor in the state, the murder, especially committed by a Jew, was supposedly the most influential issue in the case. The

Do we need to believe in a God or does God need us to exist Essay

Do we need to believe in a God or does God need us to exist - Essay Example What is the origin of life and mankind Not only are a lot of these questions being answered by scientists, but even miracles and other such occurrences attributed to divine intervention are being explained away by physics. "From its origin with Galileo, Copernicus and Newton, through Darwin and Einstein, to the age of computers and high-technology, modern science has cast a cold and somewhat threatening light on many deep-rooted religious beliefs. () scientists have demolished a lot of cherished religious beliefs and have come to be regarded by many as faith-wreckers." (Davies, 5). And yet intelligent, articulate people the world over believe in the one true God, a super power or a cosmic force that guides our existence. So, why do people want to believe this curiously elusive and unsubstantiated God It could simply be to give some kind of meaning to, or put into some kind of order, the chaos that surrounds us. After all, the existence of a God fulfils the need to credit someone with the creation of the world around us, with its sheer inexplicability and its irrational apportioning of happiness and sorrow. Digging deeper, the yearning that overtakes a human being for an exploration of the spiritual dimension of life stems from a desire for oneness of mind and body, and ultimately, an aspiration towards perfection. "Human beings, knowing they are not perfect, desire perfection and search for a better life" says T'ai Chi Master Waysun Liao (5). He points out that in spite of the tremendous advances made by us in the fields of technology the motivation that drives a human being remains mysterious. Whizzing along as we are in the space age, yet even our theories of evolution are in doubt. We still look up at the immense sky and wonder how it all started. So, how much have we actually progressed over the centuries As far as necessities go, we still need the same basic food, shelter, clothing, and though we might be eons ahead of the caveman, how much have we actually evolved spiritually It is in pursuance of this desire to evolve spiritually that God has been invented (or perhaps, He exists!). Artistic and creative people, those who march to a different beat from the rest of us, instinctively pursue this 'ultimate' through their work, the nature of their work being such that needs no rationalization to anyone other than themselves. In the work of these outstanding painters and poets, musicians and mystics intellect takes the back seat. In their art one sees their real experiences distilled, and more, one catches a glimpse of something indefinable. Whether it is the element of wonder in Alice Walker's The Color Purple when she exclaims that it is God who is trying to please us, not us who are expected to live up to His rules, or the naked truth in Borges Afterglow, or even the fatalistic note in Yeats' poetry. Because, in spite of advances made in science and technology, we still gaze up at the Milky Way, and wonder at its magnitude and glory. We still respond to the beauty of a piece of music or a painting without rationalizing it. We even watch the flight of a jet, fascinated, forgetting that the aerodynamic principles underlying the technology are as old as the birds. Poets like Yeats, Octavio Paz, Luis Borges and Rilke move us because they bring us closer to the eternal. They are more obviously attracted to the

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 120

Essay Example He also helps the composers connect their creative and innovative ideas with the need of the audience for musical freshness and beauty. The various types of classical music are played free of charge with the major goal of building talents. The article made me reflect on and think about a number of things as far as talent development is concerned. Firstly, it gave me a picture of the university as a place that is not only meant for academic excellence but also a place to nurture talents in other fields. This is contrary to the misconception held by many that the university involves serious study with no play. It is quite interesting that the Music Today Festival is organized and coordinated by one of the university’s senior professors, Kyr Robert. It also made me reflect on the importance of music, especially for professional means. Considering that the professor heads the music department in the university, it seems that there are institutions that value music not only as a way of entertainment but also as a profession. I also came to understand that there are students studying music as a course, just for professional purpose. This made me remember one question that is very common, especially among journalists, when interviewing musicians; â€Å"apart from music, what else do you do?† many people have taken music not as a career but as a way of entertainment. The article is a good source to teach the society on the importance of music not only as a means of entertainment but also as a profession. In other words, the article mainly triggers thoughts about the importance of music in the society as well as the role of music as a way of relaxation to enable students study better. One thing that surprised me is that the festival is not only unique in the University of Oregon alone. Several other institutions place a high value on music and use it as a way of nurturing talents and enhancing

Speaking and Listening Skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Speaking and Listening Skills - Assignment Example Therefore, in order to meet the growing demand, it is of importance to maintain ethical sourcing and trading in the cocoa beans production (Fair Trade Foundation 2-17). It is worth mentioning that the production of cocoa beans is largely dominated by the West African countries including Ghana which are economically not strong. Therefore, there is high possibility of the people to get involved into the unethical aspects of trading and sourcing. The ethical process of production and supply chain is important to maintain a stable market and price in the market. The cocoa industry has always been volatile as it depends on various factors of ethical sourcing and trading. The figure below demonstrates the variation in the price of the beans due to the influence of the ethical sourcing and trading. The volatility in the cocoa industry is more due to the alterations in supply along with demand, instability and speculation in the market affecting the ethical trading. Moreover, the conflict amid the countries giving rise to the civil war is restricting the ethical trading and supplies. The cocoa beans are traded physically and also in the commodity market. The futures market, speculation and hedging in the market affects the price of the products. The trading initiated in a transparent manner leads to ethical environment. Conversely, if integrity is not maintained in the production, it might lead to the unethical practices hampering the decision making process of the people indulged in the industry causing volatility. It is observed that the chocolate industry practices unethical means in order to gain profit by not only exploiting the labour but also paying less price to the farmers. The labourers are forced to work for hours and are also paid less. Besides, the ethically certified cocoa supplied is less than 5% which reflects the fact that the unethical practices are high in the processing and supply chain of the cocoa beans (World Vision, â€Å"Chocolate

An Evaluation over the Movie V for Vendetta Essay

An Evaluation over the Movie V for Vendetta - Essay Example As the discussion stresses  in the film, we are familiarized to a man known as Guy Fawkes. On November 5th of the very year, he attempted to bring down the house of parliament. Fawkes is found and before the public, he is almost hanged. We find a tremendous approach of gunshot by furious crowd beckoning their hands into the air. The gunshot from above enabled the spectators view these people metaphorically and accurately. Fawkes is putting on a shirt that is white signifying his innocence.This study highlights that through vigilant checking, motivated by montage theory, we observe two scenes edited together.   They match one another and ultimately both subject come together in the same frame. V wears his mask and Evey is in front of a mirror and started making up herself. When Evey puts off her TV, V does so. The action of the mirror points that both are travelling to the same direction. When they finally meet at the same path, V saves Evey from government officers trying to rape her. The same montage is viewed after V rescued her against the rapist. After they are separated, she reports her duty at work place, which happens to beware V; attempts to address the country live on TV. The montage sequence mirrors reflect the former with close ups.   In the end, when their paths meet the second time, it is Evey saving V.  Not all mirroring shots happening in the picture are between Evey and V. The V shots addressing on TV indicates the chancellor speaking to the nation.   Conversely, both are deliberately differently taken.  

Observations of Realists Essay Example for Free

Observations of Realists Essay 1) Are the observations of Realists, such as Hans Morgenthau, accurate in respect to their assessment of the importance of international law in contemporary world politics? Realists such as Hans Morgenthau and more recently Lloyd Gruber, base their theories on the assumption individuals, and hence states, act rationally to protect their own interests, the national interest. They believe states exist in a world of anarchy without an over arching authority. While this may be the case and it certainly is for some states, it is a theory that requires review within the context of the modern world and international law. In the world of bi-polar power during the Cold War, Morgenthau’s views interpreted the global climate accurately, however it is now short sighted in our time of globalization. Multi-National Corporations (MNC), Inter-Governmental Organisations (IGO) and Non-Government Organisations (NGO) play a very large part on the world stage and influence countries, economies and conflicts. Meanwhile younger theories are tending to consider the state and the world’s political climate as a holistic, interactive entity. Increased access to communication, social media and increased global wealth serve to provide an environment for a better financed and informed NGO. Yet even the UN, it’s efficacy being constantly brought into doubt, plays a vital role in establishing norms and standards with the global stakeholders. These developing theories document our planet’s political interaction and development and as such are constantly in a state of change. Sometimes in-sync with current standards such as international law and other times, not. Taking into account realism is one of the more established theories of international relations, we have to also consider the global climate in which the theory was established and compare that to now. Hans Morgenthau was born in Coburg, Germany 1904 and experienced two world worlds. He and his predecessors experienced states as the only actors in world politics. The United Kingdom was exiting her great period of colonisation and was witnessing the unraveling of her empire. Meanwhile Germany was rebuilding and rising in global status. The world was experiencing a transition into industry and moving away from the traditional agriculturally driven economies. Throughout this time, the average person’s existence was more concerned with subsistence. Overseas phone calls and intercontinental travel were beyond the average person’s reach. The importance of setting the scene here is to understand globalisation was in its infancy. To understand this helps to shape the importance other actors in world politics play. Instant communications, the Internet and global travel have made the world a smaller place. Activists, such as Green Peace, can now influence states. So much so, the Rainbow Warrior, Green Peace’s flagship, was sunk by the French spy agency, Directorate-General for External Security (DGSE), in July 1985, killing a photographer. This is an extreme example of NGO influence, yet it cannot be denied that to bomb a civilian ship highlights the pressure Green Peace was placing on the international stage. Realism does not take into account all variables acting upon the state in today’s day and age. When established, realism existed in a time of strong state actors. Today, with the ending of the Cold War that line has blurred, NGOs etc†¦ have filled that void. To understand the motivation behind the establishment of these organisations helps us to understand the influence they have. For instance, Oxfam, Amnesty International and the like have their basis within a moral social consciousness. Therefore, it’s easy to see why theories, such as Social Constructivism, focus on a world shaped by the influences of a nation’s shared beliefs, culture and values. As democracy extends further and nations adopt a capitalist model to fit into the global model, the demands to maintain a balanced, humane society increase. Governments feel this pressure and so, act accordingly. An argument by Social Constructionist such as Barnett and Finnemore is that IGOs have the real power. As I will show later using the US invasion of Iraq, governments still have the final say on their actions, although IGOs, NGOs and MNCs play a very large role in influencing them. Having stated this, one may counter argue this implies it is still a state verses state environment (Realism), however, the world has still evolved into government verses government verses IGOs, NGOs and MNCs, henceforth realism cannot not explain the actions of governments alone and must consider the external influences. Constructivism does so, but places the power into the hands of IGOs and the like. An alternative needs to be sought. Alternatives such as the European Union, which remains â€Å"†¦the most successful experiment in political institution-building since the Second World War. Andrew Moravcsik goes on to say the EU cannot replace or aspire to the democratic status of nation states, yet their role remains embedded in monitoring accountability and extensive checks and balances upon its member states. Emerging actors such as the EU again demonstrate the changing environment and clearly indicate realist theories, must by reconsidered. Focusing on the institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, we can cite several occasions in which their influence has shaped global politics, whether for selfish or selfless motivations. The concept of poverty alleviation was raised by the World Bank during the 1960’s and saw the World Bank â€Å"sell poverty alleviation to members through a mixture of persuasion and coercion. † The Ford Foundation established a report highlighting the successes of poverty alleviation and cited their own programs, many of which were to governmental organizations. The report also stated poverty alleviation programs were ineffectual and implied corruption. Albeit, this report was funded by the Ford Foundation to report on its own programs, yet I was under the impression they were given freedom to report accurately. Even though the Ford Foundation was established by Henry Ford’s son, and not the company itself, it still represents the power and influence a MNC can exert. These reports are not controversial, but it does go towards forming an image about governments and it is in this way influence is exerted. Furthermore, the actions of the Ford Foundation to fund relief programs, brings into question the effectiveness and validity of IGO programs. Probably the largest non-state actor is the United Nations (UN). It’s governance covers many areas of international concern, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), World Food Program (WFP), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), etc†¦. As a consequence, its membership is extensive. Whether the member states take their affiliation with the UN and it’s associated bodies seriously or whether they use them as a vehicle for their own means is irrelevant. In either case, the mere existence of this relationship affects the outcomes of global politics. While UN peace keeping missions and other security programs are a subject for debate into the validity of the UN, it cannot be argued that President Bush’s attempts to have the invasion of Iraq sanctioned in 2003 was an attempt to the have the US’s actions deemed as â€Å"right’ within the eyes of the global audience. The fact the US then ignored the UN’s recommendation is irrelevant, the mere attempt to legitimize the US’s actions implies the states are now not the only actors within global politics. This occurrence in itself indicates in itself realism is becoming outdated and the need to consider a more holistic approach. While it can be argued the UN is an Inter-Governmental Organisation (IGO) and is therefore a part or rather a stage for governments to act upon. It must be noted the sovereignty of states, upon which realism is based, does not exist within the UN. The UN is a global entity upon which sovereign states are members, the UN in itself has now physical bounds and by its title, implies the uniting of nations as a common theme. The Neorealist and Structural Realism models may be more applicable in that they balance of power among states is considered in the UN forum, however, true Realist theories, such as those proposed by Morgenthau, are becoming less relevant based upon the increase in non-governmental actors. The development of the Realist theory and subsequent â€Å"neo† theories show a development of thinking and a mark of the time in which they were contrived. These theories cannot be accurate moving into the future as the benchmarks upon which they are based change with the development of the world, it’s technology and it’s people. They can however, allow us to isolate specific elements of global relations, regardless of the time they were developed. I foresee a more holistic approach to global government and non-governmental relationships develop. This will allow us to consider all of the relevant stakeholders while incorporating the best of each perspective, whether it comes from a sociological, economic or political basis. Realist theories are accurate to a degree regarding world politics, however the influence they now hold on international law and global governance has become less. The role of non-state actors, facilitated by the expansion of communications and travel, namely globalization, has given rise to organisations, which previously were unable to exist. Their power varies greatly within the influence they have upon governments of the world, yet they do influence. In a world where the occupants are more aware and hold their respective governments to account for their actions, these nations cannot afford to ignore the influence of the new players in the game.

Tourism Issue Research Exercise and Essay Essay Example for Free

Tourism Issue Research Exercise and Essay Essay 1.0Introduction 1.1 Introduction to essay Tourism has increasingly grown as the economy develops well and the level of living style of human being improves, especially in China. (Jordon Ken, 2001)The dramatically growth of tourism has brought several benefits such as enhancing local economic development and the reduction of unemployment rate. (Philip D. Brian R., 1995) However, it is still questionable that whether it is absolutely profitable if the number of tourists continue to rise. The objectives of this essay are to emphasize the negative impacts of tourism to a Chinese destination. This essay is going to cover how the boosting tourism is affecting the quality of water and air in China. 1.2 Introduction to articlelu This article is discussing about the sudden influx of tourists throughout China during China’s National Day golden week and the negative environmental impacts that it caused. 2.0 Main arguments discussion 2.1 The general fact of tourism Over time, there is a significant growth in tourism all over the world. With reference to appendix A, it is significantly shown that the number of international tourist arrivals doubled from 435 millions to 940 millions from 1990 to 2010. Distinctively in the South Asia region, the numbers rose from 3.2 millions to 11.1 millions in the span of ten years, this relatively attracts a higher number of tourists among the strongest growing areas in 2010. As reported in UNWTO Tourism Highlight (2011), the position of china in tourism indicators moves up in both arrivals and receipts, reaching to the third position and the forth place out of the top ten, respectively. 2.2 The factors involving an increase in tourism It is evident that nowadays, more and more people prefer to choose China as their holiday destination, showing an obvious demand for tourism. It is  notable that there was a 20.8% growth of foreign tourists’ (about 85.4 million tourists) arrivals after the Beijing Olympics and Shanghai Expo. (China Daily, 2009) However, there are several crucial reasons that push people to go out to an unfamiliar place and pull them to China, listed below are the push and pull factors respectively. 2.2.1 Push factors There are several factors involved in influencing the increment of tourism, such as economic expansion, social changes, demographic aspects and technological developments. (Weaver, D. B., Oppermann, M. 2000) Being rich and affluent allows most people to be able to achieve a better sense of purchase power. The availability of greater discretionary household income gains various choices rather than just spending on basic living requirement;( Agarwal and Yochum,1999) Moreover, nowadays people tend to travel overseas during their vacation, in order to escape their busy work schedules. Households have also become smaller, so family members can spend less in bringing up children, thus having more money for leisure activities. In addition, the advancement in technology makes it easier for travelers to reach their destination. To sum up, all these factors boost the demand of tourism. (Weaver, D. B., Oppermann, M. 2000) 2.2.2 Pull factors Referring to Appendix B, Asian tourists make up the majority of China’s tourism market due to their geographical advantage. For example, Japan is the biggest tourist-source market for China as both countries are situated near from each other. It is also cheaper for the Japanese to travel to China as it is relatively cheaper than to other countries. Besides, the 5000-year history of China is always attracting tourists all over the world. In addition, the complement of airline systems and expansion of high speed train are more comfortable, continence and efficient. The quality of service has also grown together with the influx of tourists. (Jeffrey, 2008) 3.0 The negative impacts of tourism to environment However, it is questionable whether it is absolutely good if the number of tourist constantly grow yearly. According to this article, it was a common  phenomenon that china was overly congested with people during the Chinese National Day. 20,000 tourists could not find a hotel to settle down in Pu Tuo mountain (a famous mountain in china); During the same period of time, San Ya beach was described to be a dump because 50 tons rubbish was abandoned along the coast, while vehicles were held up on the expressway, which looked like they were parking in car parks. (Lei, 2012) These events are apparently showing a sign that when the sheer number of tourists is overload for a destination, it will lead to a decline in both socio-cultural and natural environment. However, only natural environment will be discussed about thought focusing on two main pollutions that exit during the rapid development of tourism. They are water pollution and air pollution, respectively. 3.1 Water pollution With the boosting tourism, more water resources are developed to attract travelers. Those people who enjoy the natural attractions of beauty and peacefulness like to boat along the waterways and enjoy the scenery.(Jeffrey, 2008) Thus, an increase of water transports like motorboats, will in turn cause oil emissions which would pollute the water ways.( Jeffrey, 2008 ) Moreover, the rubbish dump by travelers is harmful to the quality of water. Furthermore, hotels resorts built along waterways or coastlines will produce a big amount of sewage as well. These series of events would be obviously harmful to local water system during the holiday and would certainly cost a loss in the economy. For example, a number of 360 million yuan(US $43 million) was invested to clean up the Lijiang River by government. (People’s Daily, 2000) 3.2 Air pollution Nowadays, with advanced technology, majority of people prefer to take air transport to their preferred destinations. Refer to Appendix C, half of the total (51%) tourists chose to travel by air in 2010, while the road transport rank at the second popular choice of all mode of transports. All vehicle transport create exhaust fumes. (Simpson et al., 2008) Air pollution caused by tourist transportation has spread to the whole human being living environment, especially from carbon dioxide production because of the usage  of transportation energy. (Majbritt, 2010) In fact, the air in China, especially in the city area, is suffering from heavy pollution. (Gregory C. Chow, 2008) Amongst 20 worst-air-cities around the world, 16 of them belongs to China. (Jeffrey, 2008) 4.0 Conclusion In conclusion, the negative impacts of tourism to Chinese environment such as water pollution and air pollution have been explained above. These are the consequences that booming tourism has to pay. Thus, it is worth noting that the substantial tourism is calling peremptorily. Increasing tourism does bring a lot of profit for economy, but it is a double-edged sword. If left uncontrolled, tourism can cause both social and environmental problems as seen from China’s case. However, although I believe that the Tourism industry in china reaps more positivity on the whole, although there is no concrete panacea to this issue. Methodology This research essay required gathering relevant facts and information from a vast variety of sources, including book literatures, journals, news articles, specified review and online sources, in order to deliver complete understanding of the main topic – Negative impact of tourism to China’s destination. This research paper focused on gathering crucial data from the most valid and credible sources as reliability and credibility were key concerns. The usage of online journals and articles which were accessible on University Of Newcastle Blackboard were definitely useful in gathering information such as essential Annals of Tourism Research and Studies. In addition to this, Google Scholar played an imperative role in providing relevant information on the topics of Tourism in China as well as statistics on relevant areas. Key words like inbound tourism of china, water pollution were used on Google search engine to obtain further detail figures such as the number of tourism to China in 2010. Other than the methods listed above, the Chinese government reports and UNWTO annual reports were also used to describe and further elaborate changing tourism trend and statistics. The main keyword descriptors used to complete the research include: negative impacts of tourism in China, water pollution and air pollution information Reference: Air Pollution in China. (n.d.). FACTS AND DETAILS. Retrieved April 2, 2013, from factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=392catid=10subcatid=66 China Daily. (2009) Tourism in beijing boosts after the olympic games. (2009, 7 29). Cultural China. Retrieved from http://news.cultural-china.com/20090729140321.html Gregory C. Chow (2008): China’s Energy and Environmental Problems and Policies, Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics Jeffrey, H. (2008). Facts and details. Retrieved from http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=392catid=10subcatid=66 Jeffrey, H. (2008). Water pollution in china. Retrieved from http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=391 Jordon, S., Ken, W. (2001). Causality between trade and tourism: empirical evidence from china. (1st ed., pp. 279-283). Lei, B, (2012). Crowd throughout the great wall during chinas national day. Chong Qin Wan Bao (2012, 10 8). . Retrieved from (http://tour.rednet.cn/c/2012/10/08/2770150.htm) Majbritt, T. (2010). Tourism, transport and environmental pollution. Retrieved from http://www.viewsontourism.info/2010/tourism-transport-and-environmental-pollution/ Philip D. , A., Brian R., P. (1995). An applied general equilibrium analysis of the economic effects of tourism in a quite small, quite open economy. (Vol. 27, pp. 985-994). Simpson, M. C., Gà ¶ssling, S., Scott, D., Hall, C. M. and Gladin, E. 2008. Climate change adaptation and mitigation in the tourism sector: Frameworks, tools and practices, Paris: UNEP, University of Oxford, UNWTO, WMO. Tourism, Transport and Environmental pollution – Views On Tourism. (n.d.).Views On Tourism Knowledge and inspiration to the Bangladeshi tourism sector.. Retrieved February 4, 2013, from http://www.viewsontourism.info/2010/tourism-transport-and-environmental-pollution/ UNWTO. (2011). Travel Biz Monitor: UNWTO Tourism Highlights: 2011 Edition (Part -II). Travel Biz Monitor: India travel news, travel trends, tourism. Retrieved February 3, 2013, from http://www.travelbizmonitor.com/unwto-tourism-highlights2011-edition-part-ii-14272 V.B. Agarwal, G.R. Yochum(1999): Tourist spending and race of visitors, Journal of Travel Research, (pp. 173–176) Weaver, D. B., Oppermann, M. (2000). Tourism management. Brisbane: John Wiley Sons Australia.(pp. 5-68) Wheeler, D., Dasgupta, S. and Wang, H. 2003. â€Å"Chapter 12: Can China Grow and Safeguard Its Environment? The Case of Industrial Pollution†. In How Far Across the River? Chinese Policy Reform at the Millennium, Edited by: Hope, N., Yang, D. T. and Li, M. Y. Stanford: Stanford University Press

Non Print Media On Education Education Essay

Non Print Media On Education Education Essay The positive impact of non-print media on education is increasingly important among students who are struggling to learn English in school settings. As Aufderheide (1993) claims, media influences peoples understanding of social reality. In particular, non-print media has a close relationship with contemporary technology which students have access to in their daily life. The value, belief and understanding of the world views may be constructed from non-print media. For example, the first point is that their participation in online chat provides a precious opportunity to communicate with people in the whole world so as to improve their language expression and construct the world views. Secondly, commenting on fan fiction processing and evaluating online information are beneficial for students to share opinions and develop critical thinking. Thirdly, playing video games, in some ways, develops students narrative thoughts, which is helpful for improving their written compositions. Theref ore, we need to recognize the genuine pleasures and benefits students receive from non-print media. Compared with the previous blog 3, I place an emphasis on the teachers input this time. The teacher will teach students language structures which will be used in photo captions and utilize non-print media such as movie segments and photos to guide students. When students understand what they need to do in the final presentation, they will pay more attention to non-print media effectively in the preparation stages and gradually find non-print media assisting their language learning. Barthes (1968) indicates that a writerly text has various meanings, and it requires people to actively explore and appreciate it. Students are asked to make photo albums and recreate or delete one character based on the original movie they choose. In the preparation stage their abilities of innovative thinking and language proficiency are gradually developed. For example, in my activities, the teacher gives examples of how to use language structures to write photo captions. It is a helpful way to construct students basic knowledge. When students understand the instructions, they can take the initiative to discuss, search for useful information and work in cooperation with each other. Task 2 requires students to recreate or delete a character and this part is not taught in class but needs students active exploration and appreciation. In the presentation, students need to do reasonable assumptions and give detailed explanations. In my activities, formative assessment will be used to monitor students learning progress and score their final presentation because formative assessment is an effective tool to adapt the teaching to meet students need. There are some reasons why I use formative assessment. First, it helps the teacher to know what students learn at a particular period and modify the instruction accordingly. For instance, when students ask the teacher questions or present what they have done, the teacher will know current status of their language ability and give them advice. Because of effective feedback from the teacher, students may find opportunity to revise and rethink their learning. I think students need to ask themselves what I have done and what I need to improve in every step. Second, it helps students to reduce pressure. Formative assessment is an ongoing assessment and it focus on process rather than results. In every stage, students may receive the teachers feedback and other peers sugges tion, so they may have clear direction how to do better in the final presentation. To a certain extent, it releases students pressure. Their participation in discussion and feedback time also gives them chances to modify and replan the upcoming presentation because the role of formative assessment is to improve learning. So the purpose of using formative assessment is to help the teacher and students clearly know learning improvement in every stage. A students feedback form will be designed as one part of formative assessment because I think students self-reflective process is very important. When filling in the feedback form, they may rethink what they have done, where they should improve and what they learn from this cooperation work. Students feedback form helps the teacher to modify the instruction, and create appropriate lessons and activities next time. Teaching material and Assessment Target group: F.6 ESL students with high English proficiency Class Size: 6 groups of 4 students (24 students) Learning Objectives:  ·impart basic knowledge of language structures  ·improve communication and cooperation skills by using non-print media  ·develop critical perspectives on movie characters adaptation  ·improve their confidence in speaking English Non-print media involved:  ·Photo  ·Movies  ·Electronic Magazine  ·Facebook  ·Websites Requirements:  ·Students work in groups of 4.  ·Each group needs to make a photo album and the photos (not more than 15) need to be chosen from the movie they watch. Task: 1 Present photo captions (15 minutes each group) by using certain language structures (the teacher will give the input before the presentation). Every student need to attend the presentation. 2 Based on the original movie, recreate or delete one character and state reasons. Date Duration Input Output Sep 4th Lesson 1 40 minutes Break 15 minutes The teacher needs to 1 teach students some language structures which are used in photo captions 2 tell students what content and features should be involved in captions The students will 1 understand how to use a one-sentence or two-sentence description in a photo caption 2 know how to use a photo caption to best present the movie theme Lesson 2 40 minutes 3 show some movie segments and choose photos which best present the theme 4 give the examples by using language structures to describe photos Students preparation stage 1 Students review what they learn in class individually. 2 Students discuss which movie they want to choose and what photos best represent the theme. (Remarks: Students can share ideas after class or use online tools such as Facebook because it functions as a discussion board and photo sharing platform. 3 Students can read some electronic magazines because they include the latest news of movies and characters, a great number of photos and film reviews. 4 If necessary, students can ask the teacher questions when they meet difficulties. 5 Each group spends some time rehearsing the presentation. Date Duration Students The teacher Sep 16th Lesson 3 50 minutes Break 15 minutes Continuous 50 minutes 1 play some movie segments and briefly introduce the main theme and content 2 show photos album and use certain language structures to describe the photos 3 Illustrate the reasons why your group recreate or delete one character 4 Other groups students can ask questions if necessary 1 assess each groups presentation 2 ask questions after the presentation Feedback Form: Presentation Group ___ Group members name:___________________ Grade:________ Assessment items Needs improvement Satisfactory Good Excellent Ideas and organisaiton 1 Can use certain language structures to describe photos 2 Can link the movie theme and supporting details to photos 3 Can express reasons why recreate or delete a character 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 Language 1 Can use appropriate words and expressions 2 Can use grammar structure clearly 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 Pronunciation and delivery 1 Can pronounce words clearly and accurately 2 Can speak at a measured pace 3 Can make the voice heard satisfactorily 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 Communicative strategies 1 Can use appropriate body language (i.e. eye contact, movements, gestures) 2 Can use the available time to cover the main point 3 Can finish the presentation in the regulated time 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 Cooperation and Responses 1 Can cooperate with group members fluently 2 Can answer the teacher and other students questions immediately 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 Comment Students feedback form Non-print Media Less use Appropriate use Usually use More often Photo Movies Electronic Magazine Facebook Websites Do you think non-print media is useful in your language learning? If Yes/No, state some reasons. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What difficulties you meet when you start your group work? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In your mind, what do you need to improve in your final presentation? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What do you learn from this group work? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Do you have any suggestion for the next activity? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Decline Of Fatherhood :: essays research papers

The Decline of Fatherhood   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  David Popenoe's 'The Decline of Fatherhood'; discusses the rapid decay of our children due to the loss of male parenting. Popenoe's use of logos and ethos are efficient in the context of the paper to relate the behavior of present day children due to the growing absence of fatherly figures. The author, however, uses very little if any emotional appeal; but because of the nature and direction of the writing, the lack of pathos has no profound effect on the overall intent of David Popenoe's purpose. 'The Decline of Fatherhood'; by David Popenoe is a well written essay that convincingly persuades his view point through intelligent observation of facts. Logos is David Popenoe's most useful tool for argument in this essay. He uses several statistics to show the growing number of fatherless children from the turn of the century until the present, he and then successfully compares it to the alarming amount of growth in the delinquency and scarcity of education in children of the latest generation. The factual information provided with the explanatory details from the author makes his points obvious and clear to the reader. Because of the efficient use of the data and facts, the paper backs itself with rationale and logic which leads the audience to a greater understanding of the science behind the reasoning. For example, Popenoe wrote that only fifty percent of children born from 1970 until 1984 are now living with both parents. The results of this dramatic increase has tripled teen suicide, dropped SAT scores seventy Braithwaite 2 points, increased the drug alcohol rate at an incredibly quicker pace, and has placed thirty-eight percent of the nation's children in poverty. The cause and effect relationships demonstrated by the author are logically appealing and unmistakably apparent in his perspective and studies. The infallible devising of the facts linked with common sense easily portray the convincing ideas of Popenoe on to others as they indulge into his essay.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yet another great example of appeal is established in the work of the author. The essay is not only well supplied with evidence and explanation, but it takes advantage of the superior credibility and reputation proceeding the writer. Before any words were even read on paper, Popenoe immediately sets an intellectual and believable tone being a professor in sociology. The fact that the writing was conceived by a well educated, knowledgeable man heightens the confidence of the reader to believe the information contributed.

The Cycle of Evil in Shakespeares Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Cycle of Evil in Hamlet In the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare illustrates how revenge can ravage one’s mind. Revenge, put in simple terms, is an act of inflicting harm or injury in return for a wrong. [Obvious?] Both Hamlet and Laertes vowed to seek revenge for the murders of their fathers. In doing so, they weren’t making right what was once wrong, but instead they were returning the same evil that had been inflicted upon them. Revenge isn’t good or sweet when it is in fact evil continuing to repeat itself. William Shakespeare helps bring this point to the forefront by using the Ghost of King Hamlet as a foil to Hamlet. The Ghost is used to give Hamlet someone to talk to in order to understand him more. These two characters both express their revulsion of Gertrude’s marriage to Claudius. [You need to cite from the text here, particularly for the Ghost.] Also, both King Hamlet and Hamlet were brought to their deaths at the hands of poison, although King Hamlet had the poison poured in his ear by Claudius while sleeping. On the other hand, Hamlet was poisoned with the point of Laertes’s rapier during their duel. The Ghost brings about two different perspectives of Hamlet. First, Hamlet can be viewed as a loyal son. Hamlet is prepared to avenge his father’s murder before the identity of the murderer was made. [He is?] After the Ghost reveals Claudius as his murderer, he demands that Hamlet does not punish Gertrude in seeking revenge against Claudius. Hamlet doesn’t get revenge against Claudius until his mother dies after drinking the poison in the cup that was originally intended for Hamlet to drink. [Ergo, does he get revenge for his father, or for his mother?] On the other hand, Hamlet doesn’t necessarily fulfill his father’s wishes. Although unintended, Hamlet â€Å"punishes† Gertrude by slaying Polonius before her eyes. Thus evil deeds were to continue to repeat themselves. [I don't see the repetition here.Which "evil deeds" are you referring to?] Another character used as a foil to Hamlet was Laertes. Both Hamlet and Laertes had endured the lose [loss] of their fathers at the hands of a murderer. Both character[s] sought revenge for these murders. Laertes immediately wanted to kill Hamlet for his crime, expressing how he would cut his throat in the church. The Cycle of Evil in Shakespeare's Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework The Cycle of Evil in Hamlet In the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare illustrates how revenge can ravage one’s mind. Revenge, put in simple terms, is an act of inflicting harm or injury in return for a wrong. [Obvious?] Both Hamlet and Laertes vowed to seek revenge for the murders of their fathers. In doing so, they weren’t making right what was once wrong, but instead they were returning the same evil that had been inflicted upon them. Revenge isn’t good or sweet when it is in fact evil continuing to repeat itself. William Shakespeare helps bring this point to the forefront by using the Ghost of King Hamlet as a foil to Hamlet. The Ghost is used to give Hamlet someone to talk to in order to understand him more. These two characters both express their revulsion of Gertrude’s marriage to Claudius. [You need to cite from the text here, particularly for the Ghost.] Also, both King Hamlet and Hamlet were brought to their deaths at the hands of poison, although King Hamlet had the poison poured in his ear by Claudius while sleeping. On the other hand, Hamlet was poisoned with the point of Laertes’s rapier during their duel. The Ghost brings about two different perspectives of Hamlet. First, Hamlet can be viewed as a loyal son. Hamlet is prepared to avenge his father’s murder before the identity of the murderer was made. [He is?] After the Ghost reveals Claudius as his murderer, he demands that Hamlet does not punish Gertrude in seeking revenge against Claudius. Hamlet doesn’t get revenge against Claudius until his mother dies after drinking the poison in the cup that was originally intended for Hamlet to drink. [Ergo, does he get revenge for his father, or for his mother?] On the other hand, Hamlet doesn’t necessarily fulfill his father’s wishes. Although unintended, Hamlet â€Å"punishes† Gertrude by slaying Polonius before her eyes. Thus evil deeds were to continue to repeat themselves. [I don't see the repetition here.Which "evil deeds" are you referring to?] Another character used as a foil to Hamlet was Laertes. Both Hamlet and Laertes had endured the lose [loss] of their fathers at the hands of a murderer. Both character[s] sought revenge for these murders. Laertes immediately wanted to kill Hamlet for his crime, expressing how he would cut his throat in the church.

The News: International “Objective” Informant :: Essays Papers

The News: International â€Å"Objective† Informant War is rarely an event looked forward to by many people. It involves death, abandonment, guilt, money, deceit, and an ultimate loss of too many elements to list them all. However there is rarely a time when there is not a war going on in some part of the country. For wars to happen there has to be people willing to fight in them. With so much at stake and so mush to lose it is often a wonder how governments, which are seldom trusted anyway, convince their citizens to support their various war efforts. With closer speculation it becomes quite clear how this is accomplished: the media. Whether print, radio, or television the media gives the public a sense of getting the real story. With this in mind it is much easier to persuade citizens that wars are necessary. Medias role in the politics of war is an often debated topic by those who believe the role is minimal and those who believe that media plays the utmost importance. Although there is no universal opinion, looking at differen t theories proposed and the wars of the past it is difficult to question how influential media is when dealing with any type of governmental action especially war. Although under constant scrutiny, the media plays a very significant role in the politics of warfare. Many believe that â€Å"governments seek cooperation, if not outright support, from the media to legitimize military action† (Thussu and Freedman 128). Media of Conflict argues that the media serves several purposes in the continuance of conflict. First it claims, â€Å"national media coverage has had the effect of exacerbating conflict as a result of conscious political strategies by political activists†(Allen 3). This has often been the case when politicians have the support of journalists, and they work in conjunction to present a certain image full of sensationalism and less insight. The second claim is that â€Å"wars are what the media makes of them†(Allen 3). This does apply to the shaping of military strategies but more importantly deals with representation of violence. The media has the ability to make certain forms of killing acceptable while making ot hers appear inhumane and unnecessary. Media of Conflict’s most important point about the purpose of media is found in the declaration that â€Å"how wars are made, how participants strategize their interests, how and if

Greek Inspired Architecture in Boston, MA

Greek Architecture in Boston My first discovery of classical architecture was made the moment I stepped outside my apartment, as my building has two Doric columns framing the front door. As I meandered over the hill and across the Common I realized exactly how prevalent classical architecture really is. Elements of classical architecture can be found on almost every building in the old residential neighborhoods and many commercial buildings feature columns and arches as well.I saw all three orders of columns, arches, and even a dome. The only architectural element I was unable to find was a iron vault. The Massachusetts State House, about half a block from my apartment, has many examples of classical architecture including a large gold dome, twelve Corinthian columns, and seven arches visible from outside. The State House, which houses the state legislature and the governor's offices, was built in 1798 by leading architect of the time Charles Bullfinch.The dome was originally made ou t of wood shingles but has since been sheathed in copper and covered in 23 karat gold. (http:// www. Satisfaction. Gob/formalities/mischievousness's. Asp) As far as I observed he arches and columns follow the rules of the classical orders except that the frieze above the columns is blank. I'm not sure if the frieze above Corinthian columns is traditionally blank or not. A pioneer, which signifies the importance of the logging industry in Massachusetts, tops the dome. Http://www. Satisfaction. Gob/formalities/ mischievousness's. Asp) I doubt this would be found on domes of the ancient world. Just as classical architecture was meant to convey power and grace in Ancient Greece and Rome, I'm sure Charles Bullfinch used elements are classical architecture n the design of the State House for the purpose of conveying the wealth, power, and beauty of the government and state of Massachusetts. Another building that incorporates classical elements is the Boston Museum of Fine Art.The current MFC building was built in 1909. There are rows of ionic columns and construction that looks like post-and-lintel. In the area that would be the frieze it says â€Å"Museum of Fine Arts† which could probably be loosely considered a continuous frieze. It was especially interesting to me to see the post-and-lintel type openings since most alluding seem to prefer the Roman's arches over the Ancient Greek post-and-lintel system. The Museum of Fine Art is another building that, due to its purpose, should convey an air of greatness.The last building I would like to use as an example is my apartment building, which was built in 1909. There are likely hundreds of residential apartment buildings in the area whose doors are flanked by a column on each side, particularly the apartments that were built in the early sass. The columns of my apartment building are of the Doric order but the abacus of each is rounded, not angular. (Strickland peg 15) There is a session but no cornice, pedimen t, or any other aspect of the Doric order. At night the columns are illuminated.It is clear by the emphasis the building management places on the columned entrance that they believe it to denote a sense of wealth, greatness, or class. While the State House and MFC certainly do this, I find my building does not quite succeed. It feels that without any other of the classical elements the columns are lacking. It is particularly interesting to me how long classical architecture has been in style. It as been used for centuries on everything from prominent government buildings to much more humble residences.Architecture that was once reserved for temples and important public spaces can now be found on everything from strip malls to pharmacies. An important difference in the use of the classical architectural elements is that Ancient Greeks built in their style partly for the logical purpose of creating a building that will stand. Today, even more so than in Ancient Rome, many aspects of t he architecture are purely ornamental. Http:// consistory. Schenectady. Org/temple-of-portions. HTML

New Historic Criticism of Pudd’nhead Wilson

The striking lack of agreement about the merits of Mark Twain’s Pudd’nhead Wilson, is undoubtedly related to the equally striking disagreements over the interpretations and analysis of the novel. In a crucial senses, related to all the thematic analysis presented so far, leave important aspects of the novel unaccounted for. As a result, those who are inclined to praise the novel dismiss certain parts as finally inconsequential evidence of Twain’s predictably careless technique. On the other hand those who have serious reservations about its merits stress its lack of coherence, lack of an action suitable to embody what appear to be the author’s chief concerns.Although the interpretations vary widely, ranging from the view that its theme is the conflict between reality and appearance to the assertion that it has no clear meaning, two interpretative emphases are most common. First, there are critics who stress upon racial themes, especially slavery and misceg enation or marriages between different races. And second those who argue for the centrality of the theme of environmental determinism and see slavery as simply a metaphor for Twain’s more general concern, with the influence of training of the individual. While both these approaches give valuable insight, both are unsatisfactory because they leave too many questions unanswered.It was once considered that the integrity of imagination was violated by interpretation, considerations of race, class and sex have not entered into the most formalist readings.In Pudd’nhead Wilson, Twain presents a critique of slavery and race relations in the American South. He highlights the arbitrariness of racial distinctions and classifications by showing how easily Roxana, a slave is able to switch her own son with the offspring of her master. The young usurper grows among the whites without suspicion, and Twain is able to demonstrate how artificial and constructed racial distinctions actua lly are.Race, Conflict and CultureThe recently increased interest in Mark Twain’s â€Å"Pudd’nhead Wilson† is a text that turns the misapprehension of gender and race in a mid-nineteenth century Southern town into a complicated spoof of the â€Å"fiction of law and customs† in the United States. Pudd’nhead Wilson depicting race and custom identity within legal and scientific discourses lends itself readily to the new kind of historic readings related to â€Å"Race, Conflict and Culture.†A white skinned man, robs and murders and he subsequently discovers, through the science of fingerprinting, that he is actually a descendent of African race and a slave. In his infancy, he was changed with his young master, Valet de Chamber or (Chambers), alias Tom Driscoll, seems almost to be tailor-made for the audience of 1990’s. This book is considered as an intriguing depiction of complexities and constructions of race in the late nineteenth centu ry United States.Recent attention to racial issues, and renewed interest of literary criticism in history, has helped define the precise nature of cultural tragedy which is presented in the novel. The traditional plot of European comedy in which confusion over identity disrupts a hierarchical order that is restored when true identity is revealed, does not seem to work in democratic America, especially not when the confusion involves race. As in Pudd’nhead Wilson, Roxy tries to justify her act of cradle exchange of her son for her master’s and reasons with herself, â€Å"white folks has done it.† But her efforts as a mother to have her son defy the fate allotted a slave in racist America, ends in futility.The new historical criticism of the text certifies the different ways of reading narrative incoherence and different ways in formulating relationship between culture and literature. Some critics argue that Twain was unaware of Pudd’nhead Wilson’s p enetrating indictment of race slavery and that the discontinuities of the text mark a retreat to the illusion when none has occurred. While Myra Jehlen (1990) sees more ambivalence than outright evasion and manifests a familiar dilemma in Twain as a stalemate, between racial criticism and implicit conservatism. David Wilson stands in for the author, who recognizes competing rights that render incompatible social order and social justice.Carolyn Porter (1990) sees similar ambivalence in Roxana’s powerfully subversive, and David Wilson’s repressive plots. She also argues that the novel does not resolve, but only plays out the tension between them. Some read a more deliberate authorial strategy into the text’s disjunctions. Through David Wilson as a businessman, Twain meditates on the speculative postwar economy as an outgrowth rather than rejection of the slave economy. If the new historicism performs a textual reading of culture, they have not ceased to read the literary text as a special entity. When the critics analyze a fictional character or episode, there is no way the analysis can be proven wrong and all take satisfaction in being right. But whether Pudd’nhead Wilson is an extension, a reflection or a critique of cultural dynamics remains a matter of debate.Main Characters in the novelRoxana or Roxy in Pudd’nhead Wilson is cited as an exceptional woman, â€Å"her gestures and movements distinguished by a noble and stately grace,† is the rarest of beings depicted in Twain’s work, though the white women characters in his work tend to be static and stereotypical.   She is a passionate and an attractive woman and according to Fishkin (1995) is cunning, physically possessing, enterprising and genuinely interesting and engaging. She is conceived by Twain as something other than matronly old ladies or prepubescent schoolgirls. Roxy is also more complex of the stereotypes which were most commonly used by white au thors to portray women of her race and status.David Wilson, â€Å"Pudd’nhead Wilson,† is a character that gained its name from the book but many critics have ignore, denied, or belittled his significance to the story. The result is that Wilson role is considered that of a mere lever, or someone who moves the plot along but has no intrinsic importance. Though Wilson is referred to as an ass in the opening chapters, but like a donkey he has a number of admirable attributes. He is intelligent, courteous and diligent and it’s only Roxy who describes his as â€Å"de smartes’ man in dis town.† His hobbies though they seem odd to the average townsperson, demonstrate his sharp and meticulous mind.Thomas a Beckett Driscoll (Tom) is the name given by Percy Driscoll to his child and after Roxy switches the babies, the slave usurper is referred to as â€Å"Tom.† From the beginning, Tom turns out to be a bad boy and his bad behavior continues to grow wit h age and is described by Roxy as â€Å"fractious.† He is cruel towards Chambers and rude towards Roxy’s affection, viewing his mother as â€Å"merely a slave and chattel.† Valet de Chambers, (Roxy’s son) on the other hand is raised as a slave and grows up to be docile and meek but a strong fighter and a good swimmer. Tom not only forces Chambers to be his bodyguard but is also cruel and jealous of the slave’s natural physical abilities. But even upon discovering that he is the real Tom Driscoll and is rich and free, Chambers still   feels uncomfortable in the company of whites because of his slave upbringing.Slavery in the mid-nineteenth centuryAccording to Jehlen (1990), Mark Twain while associating the black race with the female sex, represents racism in the unconventionally loathsome form of slavery. Roxana’s status as a mulatta (feminine) is clearly crucial to Twain’s story. Roxana as a mulatta most certainly exposes the covert tradition of miscegenation, but her serial ordeal as a mulatta mother intent on saving her son exposes much more ( Porter, 1990). The ideologies of race and sex Mark Twain used in the novel Pudd’nhead Wilson were not controllable through literary form, because the writing posed problems that the history of racial and sexual thinking in America, impossible to resolve.Percy Driscoll on having some money stolen threatens to sell the guilty servant â€Å"down the river† which shows that life for the slaves on large cotton plantations was far harsher than for the Missouri slaves. To be sold â€Å"down the river† was equivalent to be condemned to hell, with old slaves being sold away to be replaced by the new slaves. Dawson’s Landing is a highly stratified hierarchical society and at the apex of this social order were the first descendants of Virginia, represented by Judge Driscoll down to the lowest rung of the social ladder-the slaves.And so powerful is this social hierarchy, that those on the bottom were forbidden from eating or sitting with citizens of higher status. This segregation was visible in the layout of the town structure where the snug houses for the white population were situated up front while the portion for the slaves was hidden in the backcountry. Through constructing this social framework, Twain delivers a stinging critique of slavery and in the South of America. Pudd’nhead Wilson is unique to its time in portraying the slave characters as dishonest, lazy and at times dangerous. But in Roxy’s views, slavery is a crime committed by the whites against her race.ConclusionCritics seem intent on challenging the new directions in literary analysis and laying down the terms of debate as to what standard   has the literary works been classified to up to this point and the terms by which we read literature and by analyzing the relationship of literature to the larger question by which we govern our lives. Today the problems of race and sex have become vastly complicated than when a literary work was thought to invent its own sufficient language.The task of the critics then was to show how all parts worked together to reveal coherence. But today, with no available assurance no one can be certain that in a particular work the history is internally coherent or that the issues it treats finally hang together. Though not simple, but the task of literary criticism is to analyze works, not to dismantle them. In the light of these questions, Twain’s Pudd’nhead Wilson contributes not only to Twain’s single work, but also adds to the growing number of works both participating in and questioning new directions in the study of literature.BIBLIOGRAPHYJehlen Myra. Spring, The Ties That Bind: Race and Sex in Pudd’nhead Wilson. American Literary History. Vol. 2, No.1. 1990. pp. 39-55.Fishkin, Shelley Fisher. Mark Twain and Women. The Cambridge Companion to Mark Twain. Cambridg e University Press: New York, NY. 1995.Jehlen, Myra. The Ties that Bind: Race and Sex in Pudd'nhead Wilson. Mark Twain's Pudd'nhead Wilson. Duke University Press: Durham, SC. 1990.Porter, Carolyn. Roxana's Plot. Mark Twain's Pudd'nhead Wilson. Duke University Press: Durham, SC. 1990.Wald, Priscilla. Mark Twain’s Pudd’nhead Wilson: Race, Conflict and Culture. Studies in American Fiction, Journal Article. Vol. 23, 1995.Thomas, Brook. Tragedies of Race, Training, Birth and Communities of Competent Pudd’nheads. American Literary History, Vol. 1, No.4.   Winter, 1989. pp. 754-785.

Boston Lyric Opera Essay

1. BLO’s eight customer objectives The first objective is to gain generous contributions. The amount per donator, ration between new donators and new contacts (collection rate) and the total amount of the donators and contributions are ways to measure how this aspect is doing. Incentives for the staff should also be incorporated into these objectives, especially ones that steer the process towards multi-year support programs. To measure the board involvement and recruitment, it is important that the reputation of the new board member is blameless and since operating in Boston, a local person with strong ties to the community would be better. To measure involvement the easiest way is to look the member’s activity, how many times they’ve been in meetings and how they’ve acted to build strategy. For example number of new initiatives. Also hours spent educating the board members about strategy and vision could be one measurement. Building an artistic reputation is hard and so is measuring it. Reviews on papers give a sight how the opera is doing, but the best way to know is to make a consumer survey for example once a month. Also comparing the growth in visitors between BLO and other operas gives an idea. Rating different aspects is another way to measure the artistic view. Giving value for example to the lead singer or the orchestra will help to understand how the opera is doing on its main field. These measures aren’t very proactive though, but helpful anyway. One objective is to launch a residency program. Its success can be measured by the amount of acceptances to invites and by comparing the audience amounts to normal. Like when measuring artistic reputation, the best way to measure how exciting and diverse opera’s repertories are is to see reviews and audience amounts. The grading system works when the given grades are compared to the rivals’ same grades and the shows are compared. These are of course not proactive measures. BLO wants to collaborate with other major artistic institutions like museums and theatres. Also other operas and specially talents working in them are important. One way to measure collaboration is the amount of tickets to opera that our associates sell. How many per cent of the total amount of sold tickets is it and have these collaborations brought new visitors to BLO. Community support and focus on community programs can be measured with the amount of local donators and specially the amount of new supporters. Has the PR-campaign been affective? Have local companies supported the opera? This can be measured with the amount of companies. Measurements that measure processes in line with the strategy are not always easy to find and it usually takes a lot of time to find the right ways to use them. Often they need to be adjusted or reset to fit the strategy. The main challenge is to find measures that are pro-active and directive instead of controlling. 2. Boston Lyric Opera had not really measured their organizational performance before. This had ultimately caused lack of focus and limited accountability. Boston Lyric Opera was mainly led by qualitative values as quantitative measures and financials were not the topmost factors in decision making. The new general director Janice Del Sesto and BLO’s board acknowledged that there was a history of expensive opera productions and large losses in Boston’s opera scene and they had to adapt a new business philosophy in order to operate fiscally. Non-profit organizations often have a lack of focus and their strategy concentrates to too many things at the same time. Ken Freed, a BLO board member, acknowledged that a more formal strategic planning process was essential for BLO in order to avoid mistakes that several arts organizations had made in the past. They decided to adapt the Balanced Scorecard to focus their strategic planning process. Using the Balanced Scorecard, BLO and its employees could see their day-to-day activities within a bigger and more strategic context. They started the change by defining BLO’s mission, strategy, competitive advantages, and distinguishing characteristics that would make it unique. The biggest change here was BLO reshaping its strategy. They acknowledged that their most important â€Å"customers† in this situation are the people who resourced their organization. BLO received nearly 70 percent of their operating budget from sources other than ticket sales, mostly from donors and supporters. BLO decided to place donors and supporters as their main interest group in the Balanced Scorecard. They were the body that enabled BLO to carry out their mission and strategy. Even though Boston Lyric Opera is a non-profit organization and its output is intangible, its organizational performance can be measured by quantitative measures. The Balanced Scorecard would bring quantitative measures alongside the qualitative measures. The Balanced Scorecard required BLO to quantify their activities. BLO acknowledged that and they for example created a database where they linked quantifiable donor data to qualitative information about donor meetings etc. Basically, the Balanced Scorecard required BLO to be managed like a business. 3. Lyric Opera had a new question ahead of them. They had to figure out what they wanted to become. BLO’s existing strategy was not valid anymore as their operating expenses rose and revenues from ticket sales were limited. BLO decided to adapt the Balance Scorecard in order to set new strategic objectives and measure their performance against those objectives in order to overcome to challenges they were facing. Adapting the Balanced Scorecard, BLO was able to compose a clear and precise strategy. Actually, the strategy itself was quite complex and multidimensional but the Balanced Scorecard gave it a framework that presented the new strategy clearly. BLO set three strategic themes that they felt were important in reaching their goals and they had objectives and measures of success for all of the themes. Using the Balanced Scorecard and the strategy map, BLO was also able to communicate the new strategy clearly to their staff, stakeholders, and other associates. The fact that BLO now had sufficient information of their organization and operations, it could draw new donors to them. By using the Balanced Scorecard, BLO recognized their key success drivers and they started to focus on the activities that had the greatest impact on their goals. They all had a clear common goal and BLO’s staff worked cross-departmentally, motivationally to reach the goal of providing unique, uality opera in Boston. However Jessica Del Sesto and Sue Dahling-Sullivan faced some difficult challenges and barriers to capture the above-mentioned benefits. There was some opposition from a few board-members of changing the organization’s governance structure, adapting the Balance Scorecard and managing an art organization by quantitative measures. These â€Å"old school† members did not under stand that BLO could not compete with the great opera houses and they could not standout from the crow without differentiating in some way. Del Sesto and Dahling-Sullivan were still able to carry out the new strategy and capture the benefits to make BLO a highly successful arts organization. One of the most crucial parts of the adapting a new strategy was to communicate the strategy clearly to their staff, board members and other stakeholders. It is an unconditional requirement that people understand the new strategy and its benefits in order it to succeed. Del Sesto and Dahling-Sullivan used the strategy map in communicating the new strategy and it clearly presented the reasons and benefits of the new strategy and it lighten opposition substantially. . The departmental managers and the employees of BLO are more empowered after the BSC but the artistic leaders are less. The managers are now more empowered because every department now gets to plan its own scorecard, and describe the ways how the department would meet the high level strategic goals. The employees are with the scorecard more empowered, as they can see the w ork in a more strategic context and therefore set priorities more effectively themselves. However the artistic leaders felt that the scorecard and specially the repertory planning template could limit their opportunities in designing productions. . Del Sesto uses the BSC as a managerial system. The BSC purely concentrates on the big picture; everything is based to support strategy. Del Sesto believes that the BSC helps her to steer board members’ attention to proper tasks. Also, she thanks BSC for helping employees to think more strategically, and with greater clarity towards their objectives. All in all, Del Sesto is clearly more interested on the management aspect of the BSC. One explanation to this is that BLO is a nonprofit organization. Its reason to exist is not to make profit to its owners but to offer culture to the community. All the objectives connected to the three main points are easier to measure with controlling measurements. 6. Kaplan and Norton have studied the success of BSC implementations in different organizations. They have concluded five principals that contribute greatly to the success. These principals can also be found on BLO’s BSC implementation. The process started with planning. Group consisting members from all functions thought in several meeting how the BSC should be made and what BLO is now and what it wants to be. All possible views were brought to conversations and the members were challenged to use their imagination. As a result the group made three strategic themes which determined the main points to BLO’s future strategy. These three big themes were divided to smaller parts and brought to a form that is clear to everyone in the organization. This is similar to Kaplan’s and Norton’s principal 1, where the strategy is translated in to operational terms. The BSC was completed by determining the actions to be made so that the strategy can be fulfilled. After this all parts of the organization got to make scorecards of their own and were so committed to the strategy. The whole organization was aligned to meet the strategy (Principle 2). The project succeeded because BLO was able to find the crucial processes and finish them through. The personnel were part of the developing strongly. During the process of creating the BSC, the role of the entire staff in overall success was emphasized. This made them easier to adapt the new way of doing things and easier to understand the strategy and how it can be fulfilled (Principle 3). Often when BSC implementation fails it is because the scorecard is considered to be only management’s project, just a top-level adjustment. As always with large scale organizational changes, also this project faced some resistance. Some board members and artistic staff were unsure about the motives for changing the old customs. This problem however was solved, as the need for change was successfully communicated through various levels of the organization (Principle 5). Other crucial point which was done well was the targeting. The mission was announced clearly and the goals were easy to understand. The three major themes were chosen wisely and chopped in to smaller pieces well.

Describing Friend’s Character

I have a friend, his name is Dima. I know him about five years. He amazed me by his intelligence and brainy. He knows the answer on any question. Even if he doesn’t know the correct answer, he’ll find the way to explain it. I appreciate his optimism and indifference at the same time. When something bad has happened, he is always determined. He says that next time he would be more sense and had learned a lot from that situation. And next day he behaves as if nothing has happened. Moreover he looks indifferently at some situations that help him not to work up.Dima has got a unique humor; I can’t stop smiling when he begins joking. He is unconventional. He looks differently at the world. I can’t even imagine what is going on in his head. Also Dima is broad-minded, he is keen on travelling. He visits different places four times a year, moreover he adore snowboarding, that’s why the main part of his trips includes mountains. Dima is easy-going, he can ea sily find common ground. Nevertheless each person has negative sides of his character. Sometimes Dima is brusque and impolite. His straightforwardness spurns people.If he doesn’t gain person, he will deal shortly with him. I don’t think that it’s bad behavior, but sometimes it goes over the line. However he is frank and open-hearted. He enjoys having heart-to-heart talk with family and friends. In spite of his imperturbability he is vulnerable deep in his mind. But he won’t show it, because he thinks that it points out man’s weakness. In conclusion I would like to add that I’m proud that I have such friend. Dima is goal-seeking and ambitious. He knows what he wants and secures his object in any case.